Eka½ samaya½ bhagav± b±r±ºasiya½ viharati isipatane migad±ye. Tatra kho bhagav± pañcavaggiye bhikkh³ ±mantesi

I have heard thus. At one time the Blessed One was staying at B±r±ºasi in the Deer Park at Isipatana. There he addressed the group of five monks:

“dveme, bhikkhave, ant± pabbajitena na sevitabb±. Katame dve? Yo c±ya½ k±mesu k±masukhallik±nuyogo h²no gammo pothujjaniko anariyo anatthasa½hito, yo c±ya½ attakilamath±nuyogo dukkho anariyo anatthasa½hito. Ete kho, bhikkhave, ubho ante anupagamma majjhim± paµipad± tath±gatena abhisambuddh± cakkhukaraº² ñ±ºakaraº² upasam±ya abhiññ±ya sambodh±ya nibb±n±ya sa½vattati”.

“These are two extremes that are not to be practiced by one who has gone forth: Whatever is committed to sensual gratification, clinging to what is pleasurable; low, common, of the village, ignoble and disadvantageous;
Whatever is committed to self mortification: painful, ignoble, and disadvantageous. Without approaching either of these extremes is a Middle Way realized by the Tath±gata, arising in vision, arising in knowledge; leading to peace, to perfect knowledge, to Self Awakening, to Liberation - Nibb±na.

“Katam± ca s±, bhikkhave, majjhim± paµipad± tath±gatena abhisambuddh± cakkhukaraº² ñ±ºakaraº² upasam±ya abhiññ±ya sambodh±ya nibb±n±ya sa½vattati? Ayameva ariyo aµµhaªgiko maggo, seyyathida½– samm±diµµhi samm±saªkappo samm±v±c± samm±kammanto samm±-±j²vo samm±v±y±mo samm±sati samm±sam±dhi. Aya½ kho s±, bhikkhave, majjhim± paµipad± tath±gatena abhisambuddh± cakkhukaraº² ñ±ºakaraº² upasam±ya abhiññ±ya sambodh±ya nibb±n±ya sa½vattati.

Then what is this Middle Way realized by the Tath±gata, arising in vision, arising in knowledge; leading to peace, to perfect knowledge, to Self Awakening, to Liberation - Nibb±na? It is this Noble Eightfold Path, namely; Right View, Right Intention, Right Speech, Right Action, Right Livelihood, Right Exertion, Right Mindfulness and Right Development of Mind. Such is this Middle Way realized by the Tath±gata, arising in vision, arising in knowledge; leading to peace, to perfect knowledge, to Self Awakening, to Liberation - Nibb±na.

“Ida½ kho pana, bhikkhave, dukkha½ ariyasacca½– j±tipi dukkh±, jar±pi dukkh±, by±dhipi dukkho, maraºampi dukkha½, appiyehi sampayogo dukkho, piyehi vippayogo dukkho, yampiccha½ na labhati tampi dukkha½– sa½khittena pañcup±d±nakkhandh± dukkh±.

Furthermore, monks, this is the Noble Truth of Affliction; Birth is painful, aging is painful, illness is painful and death is painful. Sorrow, weeping, pain, mental distress and hardships are painful, Associating with what is displeasing is painful, separation from what is pleasing is painful and not having what is desired is painful, In brief, identification with the five bases of conditionality are painful.

Ida½ kho pana, bhikkhave, dukkhasamudaya½ ariyasacca½– y±ya½ taºh± ponobbhavik± nandir±gasahagat± tatratatr±bhinandin², seyyathida½ k±mataºh±, bhavataºh±, vibhavataºh±.

Furthermore, monks, this is the Noble Truth of the Genesis of Affliction; Whatever desire that leads to further becoming; connected with pleasure and lust enjoyed here and there, such as; desire for gratification of the senses, desire for becoming, desire for not becoming.

Ida½ kho pana, bhikkhave, dukkhanirodha½ ariyasacca½; yo tass±yeva taºh±ya asesavir±ganirodho c±go paµinissaggo mutti an±layo.

Furthermore, monks, this is the Noble Truth of the Extinction of Affliction:
Disenchantment and extinction without remnant, renunciation, relinquishment, release and freedom from just that craving.

Ida½ kho pana, bhikkhave, dukkhanirodhag±min² paµipad± ariyasacca½– ayameva ariyo aµµhaªgiko maggo, seyyathida½; samm±diµµhi samm±saªkappo samm±v±c± samm±kammanto samm±-±j²vo samm±v±y±mo samm±sati samm±sam±dhi.

Furthermore, monks, this is the Noble Truth of the Way of Progress leading to the Extinction of Affliction;
indeed just this Noble Eightfold Path, as follows; Right view, Right Intention, Right Speech, Right Action, Right Livelihood, Right Exertion, Right Mindfulness and Right Concentration.

“‘Ida½ dukkha½ ariyasaccan’ti me, bhikkhave, pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhu½ udap±di, ñ±ºa½ udap±di, paññ± udap±di, vijj± udap±di, ±loko udap±di. ‘Ta½ kho panida½ dukkha½ ariyasacca½ pariññeyyan’ti me, bhikkhave, pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhu½ udap±di, ñ±ºa½ udap±di, paññ± udap±di, vijj± udap±di, ±loko udap±di. ‘Ta½ kho panida½ dukkha½ ariyasacca½ pariññ±tan’ti me, bhikkhave, pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhu½ udap±di, ñ±ºa½ udap±di, paññ± udap±di, vijj± udap±di, ±loko udap±di.

The Wisdom Eye had opened, knowledge arose, wisdom arose, recognition arose, intuition arose within me of things unheard of before - ‘This is the Noble Truth of Affliction.
The Wisdom Eye had opened, knowledge arose, wisdom arose, recognition arose, intuition arose within me of things unheard of before - ‘This Noble Truth of Affliction is to be known.
The Wisdom Eye had opened, knowledge arose, wisdom arose, recognition arose, intuition arose within me of things unheard of before - ‘This Noble Truth of Affliction has been known.

“‘Ida½ dukkhasamudaya½ ariyasaccan’ti me, bhikkhave, pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhu½ udap±di, ñ±ºa½ udap±di, paññ± udap±di, vijj± udap±di, ±loko udap±di. ‘Ta½ kho panida½ dukkhasamudaya½ ariyasacca½ pah±tabban’ti me, bhikkhave, pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhu½ udap±di, ñ±ºa½ udap±di, paññ± udap±di. ‘Ta½ kho panida½ dukkhasamudaya½ ariyasacca½ pah²nan’ti me, bhikkhave, pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhu½ udap±di, ñ±ºa½ udap±di, paññ± udap±di, vijj± udap±di, ±loko udap±di.

The Wisdom Eye had opened, knowledge arose, wisdom arose, recognition arose, intuition arose within me of things unheard of before - ‘This is the Noble Truth of the Genesis of Affliction.
The Wisdom Eye had opened, knowledge arose, wisdom arose, recognition arose, intuition arose within me of things unheard of before - ‘This Noble Truth of the Genesis of Affliction is to be relinquished.The Wisdom Eye had opened, knowledge arose, wisdom arose, recognition arose, intuition arose within me of things unheard of before - ‘This Noble Truth of the Genesis of Affliction has been relinquished.

“‘Ida½ dukkhanirodha½ ariyasaccan’ti me, bhikkhave, pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhu½ udap±di, ñ±ºa½ udap±di, paññ± udap±di, vijj± udap±di, ±loko udap±di. ‘Ta½ kho panida½ dukkhanirodha½ ariyasacca½ sacchik±tabban’ti me, bhikkhave, pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhu½ udap±di, ñ±ºa½ udap±di, paññ± udap±di. ‘Ta½ kho panida½ dukkhanirodha½ ariyasacca½ sacchikatan’ti me, bhikkhave, pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhu½ udap±di, ñ±ºa½ udap±di, paññ± udap±di, vijj± udap±di, ±loko udap±di.

The Wisdom Eye had opened, knowledge arose, wisdom arose, recognition arose, intuition arose within me of things unheard of before - ‘This is the Noble Truth of the Extinction of Affliction.
The Wisdom Eye had opened, knowledge arose, wisdom arose, recognition arose, intuition arose within me of things unheard of before - ‘This Noble Truth of the Extinction of Affliction must be realized directly.
The Wisdom Eye had opened, knowledge arose, wisdom arose, recognition arose, intuition arose within me of things unheard of before - ‘This Noble Truth of the Extinction of Affliction has been realized directly.

“‘Ida½ dukkhanirodhag±min² paµipad± ariyasaccan’ti me, bhikkhave, pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhu½ udap±di, ñ±ºa½ udap±di, paññ± udap±di, vijj± udap±di, ±loko udap±di. Ta½ kho panida½ dukkhanirodhag±min² paµipad± ariyasacca½ bh±vetabban’ti me, bhikkhave, pubbe…pe… udap±di. ‘Ta½ kho panida½ dukkhanirodhag±min² paµipad± ariyasacca½ bh±vitan’ti me, bhikkhave, pubbe ananussutesu dhammesu cakkhu½ udap±di, ñ±ºa½ udap±di, paññ± udap±di, vijj± udap±di, ±loko udap±di.

The Wisdom Eye had opened, knowledge arose, wisdom arose, recognition arose, intuition arose within me of things unheard of before - ‘This is the Noble Truth of the Way of Progress leading to the Extinction of Affliction.The Wisdom Eye had opened, knowledge arose, wisdom arose, recognition arose, intuition arose within me of things unheard of before - ‘This Noble Truth of the Way of Progress leading to the Extinction of Affliction is to be cultivated.

The Wisdom Eye had opened, knowledge arose, wisdom arose, recognition arose, intuition arose within me of things unheard of before - ‘This Noble Truth of the Way of Progress leading to the Extinction of Affliction has been cultivated.

“Y±vak²vañca me, bhikkhave, imesu cat³su ariyasaccesu eva½ tiparivaµµa½ dv±das±k±ra½ yath±bh³ta½ ñ±ºadassana½ na suvisuddha½ ahosi, neva t±v±ha½, bhikkhave sadevake loke sam±rake sabrahmake sassamaºabr±hmaºiy± paj±ya sadevamanuss±ya ‘anuttara½ samm±sambodhi½ abhisambuddho’ti paccaññ±si½.

Monks, as long as my realization according to the truth, with its three spheres and twelve characteristics of these Four Noble Truths, was not pure, I did not claim to the world with its gods, its M±ras and Brahmas, its monks and priests and its generations of kings and men, to have attained to perfect knowledge, to be perfectly awakened to the Complete Self Awakening unsurpassed.

“Yato ca kho me, bhikkhave, imesu cat³su ariyasaccesu eva½ tiparivaµµa½ dv±das±k±ra½ yath±bh³ta½ ñ±ºadassana½ suvisuddha½ ahosi, ath±ha½, bhikkhave, sadevake loke sam±rake sabrahmake sassamaºabr±hmaºiy± paj±ya sadevamanuss±ya ‘anuttara½ samm±sambodhi½ abhisambuddho’ti paccaññ±si½.

But because my realization according to the truth, with its three spheres and twelve characteristics of these Four Noble Truths, was pure, I did claim to the world with its gods, its M±ras and Brahmas, its monks and priests and its generations of kings and men, to have attained to perfect knowledge, to be perfectly awakened to the Complete Self Awakening unsurpassed.

ѱºañca pana me dassana½ udap±di– ‘akupp± me vimutti, ayamantim± j±ti, natthid±ni punabbhavo”’ti. Idamavoca bhagav±. Attaman± pañcavaggiy± bhikkh³ bhagavato bh±sita½ abhinandunti.

Then knowledge and sight arose in me: “unprompted is my release, this is the last birth; there is now no further existence or becoming.”

This was said by the Blessed One. Uplifted in mind, the group of five monks took pleasure in his words.

Imasmiñca pana veyy±karaºasmi½ bhaññam±ne ±yasmato koº¹aññassa viraja½ v²tamala½ dhammacakkhu½ udap±di– “ya½ kiñci samudayadhamma½, sabba½ ta½ nirodhadhamman”ti.

And while this exposition was given, there arose in Venerable Koº¹añña the faultless, stainless Eye of Truth;

“ Whatever is of the nature to arise is all of the nature to extinction.”

Pavattite ca pana bhagavat± dhammacakke bhumm± dev± saddamanuss±vesu½– “eta½ bhagavat± b±r±ºasiya½ isipatane migad±ye anuttara½ dhammacakka½ pavattita½ appaµivattiya½ samaºena v± br±hmaºena v± devena v± m±rena v± brahmun± v± kenaci v± lokasmin”ti. Bhumm±na½ dev±na½ sadda½ sutv± c±tumah±r±jik± dev± saddamanuss±vesu½– “eta½ bhagavat± b±r±ºasiya½ isipatane migad±ye anuttara½ dhammacakka½ pavattita½, appaµivattiya½ samaºena v± br±hmaºena v± devena v± m±rena v± brahmun± v± kenaci v± lokasmin”ti. C±tumah±r±jik±na½ dev±na½ sadda½ sutv±, t±vati½s± dev± saddamanuss±vesu½, t±vati½s±na½ dev±na½ sadda½ sutv±, y±m± dev± saddamanuss±vesu½, y±m±na½ dev±na½ sadda½ sutv±, tusit± dev± saddamanuss±vesu½, tusit±na½ dev±na½ sadda½ sutv±, nimm±narat² dev± saddamanuss±vesu½, nimm±narat²na½ dev±na½ sadda½ sutv±, paranimmitavasavatt² dev± saddamanuss±vesu½, paranimmitavasavatt²na½ dev±na½ sadda½ sutv±, brahmak±yik± dev± saddamanuss±vesu½, “eta½ bhagavat± b±r±ºasiya½ isipatane migad±ye anuttara½ dhammacakka½ pavattita½ appaµivattiya½ samaºena v± br±hmaºena v± devena v± m±rena v± brahmun± v± kenaci v± lokasmin”ti.

Now the Blessed One had Turned the Wheel of Truth and the gods of the earth exclaimed:

"At Varanasi, in the Deer Park at Isipatana, the Blessed One has turned the unsurpassed Wheel of Truth, not established by monk or priest, god, M±ra, Brahm±, or anyone at all in this world."

On hearing the gods of the earth cry out, the Gods of the Four Great Kings exclaimed in turn. On hearing the Gods of the Four Great Kings cry out, the Gods of the Thirty-three exclaimed in turn. On hearing the Gods of the Thirty-three cry out, the Y±m± Gods exclaimed in turn. On hearing the Y±m± Gods cry out, the Tusit± Gods exclaimed in turn. On hearing the Tusit± Gods cry out, the Nimm±narat² Gods exclaimed in turn. On hearing the Nimm±narat² Gods cry out, the Paranimmitavasavatt² Gods exclaimed in turn. On hearing the Paranimmitavasavatt² God cry outs, the Gods in attendance to Brahm± exclaimed in turn:

“At Varanasi, in the Deer Park at Isipatana, the Blessed One has turned the unsurpassed Wheel of Truth, not established by monk or priest, god, M±ra, Brahm±, or anyone at all in this world.”

Itiha tena khaºena (tena layena) tena muhuttena y±va brahmalok± saddo abbhuggacchi. Ayañca dasasahassilokadh±tu saªkampi sampakampi sampavedhi, appam±ºo ca u¼±ro obh±so loke p±turahosi atikkamma dev±na½ dev±nubh±vanti.
Atha kho bhagav± ima½ ud±na½ ud±nesi– “aññ±si vata, bho, koº¹añño, aññ±si vata, bho, koº¹añño”ti! Iti hida½ ±yasmato koº¹aññassa ‘aññ±sikoº¹añño’ tveva n±ma½ ahos²ti. Paµhama½.

And at that exact moment, that cry rose up to the Brahma world.
And the ten-thousand galaxies trembled, shook and quaked, And a great, boundless radiance appeared in the universe, surpassing the brilliance of the Gods. Then the Blessed One made this statement: “Koº¹añña Knows! - Koº¹añña Knows!” And that is how Venerable Koº¹añña was named Aññ±- Koº¹añña - “Koº¹añña who knows.”

[Khantijayo Bhikkhu]